Video game console Essay Example for Free

Video bet on console EssayThe Xbox 360 is the second tv set game console produced by Microsoft, and the successor to the Xbox. The Xbox 360 competes with Sonys PlayStation 3 and Nintendos Wii as part of the seventh generation of video game consoles. We plan to launch a high-quality, it is slimmer than the preceding Xbox 360 model and features integrated 802. 11 b/g/n Wi-Fi, TOSLINK S/PDIF optical audio output, a 250 GB hard drive, 5 USB 2. 0 ports (compared to the 3 from older versions) and a special AUX port. The overall goal of xbox 360 merchandising program is to create enhanced public awareness through a comprehensive marketing campaign. we would like to see a 15 percent increase in the segment market of brand awareness. The Xbox 360 is very user friendly,convenience with Wi-Fi Connection, good node serve and advices, free download video game trailers. Additonal, We are planning to provide a prefect customer services system. Building brand awareness among affluent consum ers. apply low price to penetration in the market segmentation.Also We will use pull system to capture potential consumer and use push strategy to reach with good relationship with each media channel. Internal situation Our company mission is reach a brand awarness of 60% up to 75% in the cosumer market. We will build up a good communication with our partner, using promtion discount offer to wholesaler and retailer, we will provide more information of our hot carrefours to them. External situation When economic recovery, it will make hoi polloi have more purchase power to buy their needs.Highly income will make people to increae their enterainment with standard of living. Xbox360 compete with others manufacture such as PS3, Wii in the segment market. SWOT Analysis of Xbox360 Xbox360 is very powerful strengths such as Kinect (originally known by the code name Project Natal)is a controller-free gaming and entertainment experience for the Xbox 360 video game platform. The users to control and interact with the Xbox 360 without the need to touch a game controller through a natural user interface using gestures, spoken commands or presented objects and images.The project is aimed at broadening the Xbox 360s audience beyond its veritable(prenominal) gamer base. The Xbox360 is using HD Technology which makes a beautiful image and with visual expression. The powerful of Xbo360 is easily compat wiht previous Xbox games, it makes convenience who wants to play a previous games. Our pice is lower than PS3, base of Xbox 360 250 GB $299. 99 and The price of PS3 each unit cost around $400 to manufacture by August 2009 with 160GB. Our Weakness is the lack of Microsoft Xbox 360 Strength integration of next generation DVD players i. e. HD technology Backward compatibility with previous Xbox games Online product the first of its kind Lower price than most comparable competitor PS3 The bran- current product of kinect Weakness Expensive hardware and games Productio n flows Direct competition with Nintendo because of equally large customer base Opportunity Penetration of new markets in ME Penetration of untouched markets by means of bundling Partnership with Hollywood studios Threat Lower cost competitor i.e. Nintendo Anti trust issues in europium Hardware complication Competition Sony Play Station.3 Strength Integration of next generation DVD players Backward compatibility with previous PS2 Mostly Free Online product Recent decline in profits Weakness Expensive hardware and games Opportunity Great product lunch covering global spectrum. Penetration of new markets in ME Penetration of untouched markets by means of bundling Partnership with Hollywood studios Threat Lower cost competitor i. e. Nintendo. Delays in production eternal strategy change Nintendo Wii Strength Uniqueness of hardware motion detection Low cost hardware and software Intuitive usage Weakness stick liability Limited selection of software Opportunity Penetration of new markets in ME / Europe / Asia Marketing to novice gamers including seniors and adults Threat Loss of potential customer because of lack of software selection and sophistication of games. Software developers abandon game development because of lack of adequate profits.

The Victorian period Essay Example for Free

The Victorian period EssayTASK Pip changes a lot during his time in London. As we read the second stage of the fable, we do not like what we see of Pip because he becomes to a greater extent and more of a snob. Do you agree with this opinion? The hero of Great Expectations is Pip and throughout the novel, our opinions of him change drastically. During his stay in London Pip changes the most and as we go on to read the second stage of the novel, we often fail to sympathise with Pip because he becomes more and more of a snob.Prior to his comer in London, Pip makes it quite clear that he wishes to become a military personnel so that he can ultimately win over Estellas ticker and with it her hand in marriage. But what exactly is a gentleman? A modern dictionary definition of this is A well- directioned honourable man who whitethorn have a good social position. This is not too far away from the Victorian view (which would have been adopted by Magwitch and later on by Pip) as to wh at would have made a gentleman. At that time, any man was high in social rank or class, had the right by birth to be called a gentleman.A gentleman was also someone who could profitably manage his finances and would eventually own their own estate. A gentleman was also honourable and chivalrous and was a person against whom moral values could be judged. In short, a gentleman was an beau ideal for others to strive towards. During Pips stay in London, he becomes acquainted with many people. After his reunion with the pale young gentleman (Herbert Pocket) in the Barnards Inn, he meets the rest of Herberts family. It is at this point in the novel that we ar introduced to Bentley Drummle.Pip immediately takes a dislike to Drummle and believes that Drummle can never be a true gentleman at midpoint because he was arrogant, cliquish and neither chivalrous nor honourable hardly making him a role model in society. However, Drummles lavish lifestyle and attitudes eventually rub off on Pip who consequently decides to join a frivolous and expensive London club and to hire a servant. Like a fast spreading poison, the superabundance and carelessness of Pips lifestyle corrupts Herberts life and lands them two in heavy debt as we are told later on in the novel.Just as there are gentleman who can be considered as being true at heart, there also those in the novel mainly Drummle and Compeyson, who certainly are not. It is a principle of his Matthew Pocket that no man who was a true gentleman at heart, ever was, since the world began, a true gentleman in manner. They are both only gentlemen by right of birth. Drummle is a spider fellow who possesses arrogance and snobbery of the highest order, has almost no moral values and is certainly not an ideal for others to strive towards.Compeyson is far from being honourable and chivalrous (he jilted Miss Havisham twenty minutes before they were to be joined together in sanctum matrimony), has no moral values (is happy to manipulate people just for money) and like Drummle, is not an ideal for others to strive towards. In the novel, Compeyson represents the greed of some of the warmheartedness class society and the beginnings of middle class crime, which occurred during the Victorian period. Pip makes it clear that he does not wish to turn out like either of the aforesaid(prenominal) characters but when Joe comes to see Pip, this is not the case.Upon hearing of Joes intended visit (Chapter 27), Pip explicitly expresses his feelings to reader. He admits that if the chance arose, he would pay to keep Joe away from the Inn. If I could have kept him away by paying money, I certainly would have paid money. The apparent reason for this is that he does not wish for Joe to occur into Drummle who Pip quite clearly holds in contempt (e. g. his self-revelation about his self-centredness at Jaggers dinner party Chapter 26). He criticises Joe before he arrives on his clumsy manner and his inability to read fluently.This was somewhat a strange criticism coming from Pip as at the time of the novel, there was no compulsory nominate education and reading was a much more common ability than writing. The criticism itself is very reminiscent of the way Estella criticises his appearance at his first visit to Satis House (Chapter 8). After Joe arrives, Pip illicitly makes him feel unwanted. He pays more attention to others at his home, especially to news from Miss Havisham and Estella. In general, the atmosphere is tense up with Pip feeling very uncomfortable until Herbert enters the room.When Herbert enters the room, there is a drastic change in the rooms atmosphere. Herbert and Joe get on quite well with all(prenominal) other with friendly chat and Herbert offering Joe a warm beverage. Pip is unafraid for Joe to be seen by Herbert (who Pip believes is a gentleman at heart and of the sort of company that he would want Joe to see him with). However, this pleasant warm atmosphere is short-lived when Herbe rt has to tend to his hat. After Herbert leaves the room, Joe gets so uncomfortable that he is compel to explain to Pip why he really came to see him.

Media Is The Most Prevailing Tool Of Communication Media Essay

Media Is The Most Prevailing Tool Of Communication Media EssayWhat is media and how does it has turned out to be our biggest friend in the world to change our perception roughly the very world that we live in? There has been a dramatic change as farther as media in concerned in Pakistan. It has evolved during a short span of time.Media is the some prevailing tool of communication and it would be fair to say that it has influenced lives of millions of people in Pakistan. Media anywhere is considered to be a vital tool instantly and has been associated with people lives whether by dint of radio, television, intelligence agencypapers, books or magazines. Whatever culture mass medium you choose, nonpargonil keistert simply abandon the fact that it has been exclusively around us. It serves the purpose of providing the exposure and aw atomic number 18ness to its audience in the right manner and on the right time. You dont contain to spend a lot of time if you want to be update d about what is going all around us both nationally and multinationally. All it takes outright is to sit in your home in front of the television and switch through different channel to sop up all the updates. So it would be fair to say that we argon so hooked on getting in var.ation through television that it has finally invaded out homes. Where is has given us an opportunity to be updated with awesome invention, it sure enough has invaded our minds and changed the patterns of how we use to think. Media these solar days is used in shaping and molding universal opinions in the way these abundant multimillion corporations wants. There be times when our media has denied the very rules and regulations it infallible to be g overned with. On various occasions it has sh give birth us bodies blown to pieces in suicide attacks, blood, honor killing cases, burned faces and God k right aways what. vertical the fact of the reckon is who decides what to show? There is no doubt tha t public has both(prenominal) right to know about things happening all around us besides sometimes it shows people a lot to a greater extent than they needed to hear or listen and thus reflects their own opinion and agenda.Television is the most popular medium of communication in Pakistan today.There was a time when saucyspapers were all over the place. They were considered to be the most vital and pro efficient tool of communication with the masses. But Over a short period of time it has left behind other modes of communication like saucys programpaper and radio which once enjoyed the complete tutelage of its audiences. What turned out to be an experimental transmission, finally gained the attention of the whole sylvan and started to gain attention and immensity in spreading consciousness among masses. The transmission initially started from Lahore still soon spread its infra-structure all across the country. It was the year 1964 when the era of TV transmission in Paki stan finally began. It was nevertheless because of people espousal of the this new medium of spreading information and awareness, that what started with a black and white transmission ,turned into a full-growncolored transmission in the year 1976. It was huge break down in the as far as the technology was concerned that took the shape of the media that we turn back now our television screens.Television is one medium that surely has matured over a large period of time. Back in the 70s at that place was only channel that the whole country could watch and postulate from. It was only Pakistan Television (PTV), a single state owned channel which was most popular back in those day. The whole country use to check upon it for political, social and cultural news. that , it was the era of non-otherthan our ex-President of Pakistan General (rtd)Pervez Musharraf when privately owned conduct came into macrocosm and completely changed the whole scenario of how television use to operate i n our country. Now we gestate to a greater extent than 70 privately owned take, each with their own agenda and purpose. This revolution paved a new era for the technical foul heightenment in the television industry and gave freedom to press as well as to media which governs according to the rules of PEMRA. globalisationAlthough, everything that has a beginning has it end only with the increased awareness and demand of the public the revolution of television channels in Pakistan paved a path for globalization. People are exposed to a multi-dimensional medium where news isnt just coming from around them but from all across the globe now.Masses retain collaborated together when it comes to economies cultures, social and living patterns and most importantly trade. The bond between different countries have resulted in a collaboration of news that flows from one part of the world and reaching at the other corner. due(p) to globalization now people all over the world are connected and interlinked with each other.For example there are various gist and news agencies that provides news ranging from finance, fake, culture and heritage and many more that binds countries together. Flow of information is quicker and easy to access. Goods being produced in other countries are now well available in any place of the world. International news as it happens and deeply analyzed information is available 24/7 and there is hardly any chance that news is broke without proper research so nonhing gets overlooked.Globalization has do international travelling frequently more quickly. All you need is a television and remote in your hand and you can virtually see anything that goes around the globe. Countries have collaborated together to bring news to all parts of the world and the best part is, its all just a button away. Therefore business doing internationally is no more a problem. You can trade with international companies and therefore bring in foreign exchange to your cou ntry that eventually jockstraps third world countries such as Pakistan.Globalization has posh the scenario of Pakistans TV immensely. Now with the handiness privately owned channels, people are not just attentive of whats going in there cities but can simply contact information regarding anything they want through different provincial channels as well. Whether it is southern or northern countries everything is just a click away. All the Information is available on our screens. There are a number of channels in different languages like English .Sindhi, Punjabi, Arabic, and so forth They are provided by our local cables as more and more spectators are now living abroad and as a result their needs should be accommodated.Globalization has not just given us a tool to stay connected to the world but to a fault to learn and make competent changes in the thinking and living pattern of the world that we experience all around is. With globalization you can communicate with each other irres pective of the time, field of force and language. You dont need to wait for countless hours to get yourself updated on any issue or matter that might interest you or holds a great importance in your life. Desperate time demands desperate measures. So as a result everything has been made so much easier. Nothing is impossible now. Audiences can construe whatever they want to and give out their opinions and ideas as well. Globalization is playing a great role in creating public opinion as well. The public can now go through all the information, facts and figures available and wherefore reach up to their conclusions. Now their thinking is not just bound to one country. They have the entire world in their hands.The audiences have become wiser now. Thanks to globalization people now know what they want and what is right for them. They are much more aware of their rights now and how they deserve to be treated.Now the number of audiences has increased not just with in the country but all over the world as globalization has allowed our local channels to be run on international TVs.By watching international media our local public has also learnt a lot from globalization. They are made aware regarding the life style of the people all over the world. To achieve such standards they have to have true(p) education. Thus field of education has been affected in a positive way. More and more people are now made aware of the need of the education and knowledge. This is done by showing them that they can achieve a better life style by getting good education and then later better jobs.Technical changes in TelevisionAccording to a research done by a master students last year and as a result of the research conducted between students of various universities and colleges , it can be concluded that in the last 5 years TV has gone through a number of changes. Not just technical but cultural as well. With the passage of time now and more developed technology has been introduced to e nhance this mode of communication. For instance with the use of internet and satellites the flow of information has been increased and you can get to know what ever is happening around the world with just a click.Cable TV has been the greatest invention in the last past 5 years. Cable TV took over the concept of buying service antennas and expensive decoders in graze to watch international channels which also required huge amount of subscriptions. Due to this development in television every one of us can now watch international channels without paying for any subscriptions it has not just increased the viewership but also we could see a great boost in the accessibility of foreign channels. Now more than 100 channels are available to watch from all over the world.Most of the new private channels are utilize latest technology in order to stay ahead in the market. Now we are using modernized equipments and more enhanced software which give better presentation of the programs. The ch ange is not only visible in the cameras and microphones and software but their handling as well. Now better way of shooting, capturing and editing have been introduced which make the programs and TV shows much more appealing to the audiences.Pakistans channels are now available in foreign countries as well. This is with the help of the satellite TV. This helps in making Pakistanis living abroad aware about whatever is happening in their country. This way they can also be in contact with their culture and religion of their roots.Another latest innovation is the running of the shows live on the TV. The coverage is done live with the help of the latest technology. For example a very famous morning show runs on ARY Digital and Hum TV every day. Not just that now more and more channels have emerged that started transmitting Chefs making various continental and intercontinental dishes and desserts on TV channels like Zaiqa TV. There the host receives live phone calls from the viewers as well. Live shows are not just run with in the boundary of the country but also from other foreign locations like GEOs morning show. In this show the host comes live from Dubai and deals with the callers from Pakistan. Many soaps and dramas are also shot at locations out of the country. This has been possible only with the help of latest technology.Its not just the locations which have been modernized but the go unders, designs and the props of these shows have been transformed as well. Sets are made in such a way that they could be broken down and redesigned in just a few hours to make another set for another show. They are more flexible as well as enhanced.Due to this improved technology in the industry people have been provided with a vast variety of channels and even a larger variety of TV programs. Cable TV plays an immense role in this situation because of its accessibility and availability to the most of the population of the Pakistan as it is also cheaper and everyone can ea sily afford to get a connection.Cultural changes in TelevisionWhere everyone has accepted the new trends and technology in their favorite medium they have also criticized the changes being brought by it in our culture as well as society. Cable TV has faced a lot of review article as it is considered the most important source of foreign content in TV. The critics say that due to this innovation westward culture has taken over our norms and values.Unfortunately with this progress cultural invasion is taking place. Especially in our society, most of the population is uneducated and therefore can be easily influenced. What is shown on our television channels is quite appalling. Indian soaps which portray the Indian culture and customs are run on our TVs day and night. As a result people especially women are taking up their way of living as well as dressing up.Due to such exposure a society faces setbacks which prove to be detrimental. Other cultures should be shown on the television a nd should be talked about but in a way that they do not take over our own societys culture. There has to be a line drawn because a society can only progress when its people are aware of their own system and traditions. There is no point in having more information about other cultures than your own culture which gives you your separate identity in the world.The western media has also done a similar job in despotic ones society. In fact in the case of Pakistan it has played a colossal role in destroying the countrys image. After the Iraq war their perspectives have changed. They believe that Muslims are terrorists and as Pakistan is a Muslim country, international media has to point its finger there. It has not let go any opportunity to declare Pakistan a terrorist country directly or indirectly. Showing images and running news which have adverse effects on the countrys name has been done millions of times. Due to such reasons Pakistanis not only in the country but all over the world have to face a number of difficulties, which is quite saddening because we are blamed for the wrongdoings of others.The international media is no doubt quite influential and this is the reason that kind of of being biased it should be more neutral and impartial in such situations where there is the name and image of a country is at stake.As the popularity of foreign shows is more than our local shows Pakistani producers have also started making shows which are more westernized and contain lesser reflection our culture and society. For instance, Pakistan Sangeet Icon a Pakistani show by Indus TV Network was a ditto copy of American Idol. People aspiring to be a singer were selected from all over the country just like the way its done in American Idol. It did receive a lot of praise but not as much as American or even Indian Idol. It is so because singing is still accepted as a part of our culture by the society as its forbidden in our religion.Then there are local soaps and dramas which are also influenced by Indian culture. Women are more glamourized and made up and portrayed much more bold and outgoing. This is unacceptable again in our society because women are supposed to be modest and homely and a working woman is still considered inappropriate in our society. Its not just their characters but the way they are dressed up as well. They are tiring saris and jeans and heavy make-up and cosmetics.Whether the society likes it or not, however, women have loved this new portrayal of women. The way they dress up has changed and so the way they think. They are now working in the same fields as men do. The time of modest and homely women has gone and now they are much more aware of their rights and liberties.Another very valid point is the exposure given to homosexuality. If we look past the gone five years we can see that talking about such a topic openly on a national TV would have been impossible. But now its been discussed everywhere on every channel. They ar e not just discussing them but also they are being shown in TV soaps and dramas. Jhanjaal Pura was a drama serial which faced a lot of criticism 10 years back when it was run on PTV. But now thats not the case. A very famous late night show on Aaj TV Begum Nawazish Ali is a great example where the host is a homosexual and he invites celebrities for interviews. Topics like rapes, menstrual cycles, child birth, and infertility are openly discussed on our local channels. This is due to the awareness and exposure created by the international media.Theories Media and GlobalizationModernization theoryModernization theory sums up the transformation of social lives. It looks into the elaborate of the countrys facts and figures and explains that a change can be brought about in a conventional country with the help of a modern country. Most of the emphasis is on the change and the way the change should be brought about. The response to change is also very important in modernization theory. T his response could be by adapting new technologies, way of living, trade, etc.If Pakistan tries to get help from developed countries it can surely prosper. Aid from the US, IMF and World Bank always proves to be helpful in order to develop and reach a level where each and every citizen of the country can live a good standard life. For instance Chinas offer to help in our energy crisis can surely help in the amelioration of the country. Pakistan has been facing energy crisis since the past few years but still they did not take Chinas offer and tried to solve the issue themselves.New innovative technology is being introduced in the fields of information. Television for instance is now using satellites to communication with other countries. Internet, fiber optics are also now available which can help in keeping in touch with the developed world. However one should not get so much used to all the aid that they become dependent on the other country. It is important to work with in the c ountry and try to figure out what can we do ourselves in order to achieve higher goals.Cultural ImperialismForeign satellite entertainment programs have drastically impacted our media cultural products including different categories of programs such as film, drama, music, fashion and film award shows.Cable TV network in our country is braggy undue projection to foreign films based on taboo themes, obscene shorts, erotic and intrigued stories without any reciprocity at parallel level.Similarly Pakistani autonomous drama channels are presenting Indian drama productions which are undermining our drama industry. Our independent drama channels are not only confined to the pageantry of Indian productions but also imitating and following Indians drama format which is not in disablementony with our culture, norms and traditions.Fashion impulses originate from foreign channels and are followed blindly by our fashion industry as the fashion Pakistan fluctuates with Indian western fashion s.In the field of music Pakistani channels are copying Indian music shows in which boys and girls sing and dance together. Pakistani media channels also arrange to show the frequently held Indian film festivals shows and present their actors and actresses as icons idols for our media industry.The co-productions have changed the face of today media industry. .Our independent media channels are not confined to the combine productions, they have taken the rights from (PEMRA) Pakistan Electronic Media Regulatory Authority to broadcast virginal Indian productions from their own channels due to which the Pakistani viewers can hardly judge whether it is Pakistani channel or an Indian channel.Thus our media channels being influenced form foreign Indian channels serve as the trendsetter for our Pakistani viewers and society. When the viewers observe that our media is absorbing the change whether it is in the form of dresses, Jewelry, language or other cultural values such as male actors h ugging and handshaking with female actresses then the viewers are easily persuaded to adopt these changes or at least they become mentally liberal which is an initial step towards change.Pakistani viewers whole life style is being eclipsed by foreign media. Cable TV channels have become the source from which the young viewers get the inspiration about new trends, fashion and dresses. In a way our language and literature are being adversely affected by the onslaught of foreign channels. So our youth is overawed with English language. People resort to ostentatious and lavish way of living. They love to dine out at expensive hotels and western food chains along with celebration of unnecessary events and festivals which in turn invokes the class consciousness in the society.ConclusionThere is absolutely no doubt that Pakistan is an underdeveloped country as has yet to see the modern era that the other countries of the world are experiencing. However, through media which is the most pow erful weapon when it comes to opinion shaping, should be used for the betterment of the people of Pakistan. Although there has been a lot of money poured in to achieve that status but that is just to increase the quality of transmission. There is no harm to that but the fact of the matter is that we need to educate the viewers and shape their opinions not for the betterment of their own lives but for the betterment of Pakistan as well. We have to see what perception we are giving to the world about a country whose media got freedom few years back. We are still in the making of seemly a responsible media. And if we want to compete with the rest of the world we need to make few choices that might sound and feel a little mirthful for the current viewers but in the long term, it will help them to be a better and responsible citizen of Pakistan.Pakistani media needs to set priorities and the media controlling authority needs to play and important part in performing the task to make sur e that all the privately owned channels controlled by cable operators abide by PEMRA rules. We need to introduce more channels that reflects positive image of Pakistan in front of the world so that more thriftiness and wealth can be obtained through tourism and other prospect fields present in Pakistan. We need to collaborate with other international channels to promote healthy education. Since, it is an era or modernization we need more channels for education like Virtual University offering online educations. There should be more debate on the TV channels where instead of fashion and cooking, we find ways to minimize the potential risks posing our nation that will have far more devastative effects on our culture, society, religion and Pakistan as whole that includes

Cultural Issues: Forced Marriage

Cultural Issues Forced Marri termMarriageThe legal status, condition, or kin that results from a contract by which hotshot man and one woman, who claim the strength to enter into such an agreement, mutually promise to live to moveher in the relationship of Husband and wife in law for life, or until the legal termination of the relationship.(Bouvier J, nd)In British socialization, union is considered a union of dickens individuals who wish to commit to one a nonher for the stay on of their lives and select their relationship to the next level. Forced trades union is a controversial type of matrimony, which exists in the linked kingdom today, the United Kingdom, has an extremely multi heathenish club where modern and traditional beliefs very much collide, especially between different generations that have different ideas and i propagates. Forced sexual union is conducted without the full concur of one or both parties and is common in the Middle East and in both(prenom inal) parts of Asia and Africa (Smith, 2006). In order to understand why constrained marriages take place, it is important to be aw atomic number 18 of what values drive people to force their child into a marriage. legion(predicate) late men and women suffer in silence and it whitethorn depend outlandish to some that this custom, which is considered inhumane by most people in the United Kingdom, is allowed to continue within modern British society today. This piece leave alone describe coerce marriage and the reasons why it takes place, it will alike discuss some of the laws and protection finishered to people affected by laboured marriage.Forced marriages slide by in a number of minority communities within the United Kingdom (UK) and often involve the coerce match be sent foreign to get married or being forced to marry within the UK. Although this take a leak of marriage is accepted and popular within some cultures, the concept of forced marriage is non favoured in th e United Kingdom (Smith 2006). In 2009 the Forced Marriage Unit gave advice or wear to 1682 cases of forced marriage, 86 percent involved females and 14 percent involved males. There were also many more cases that went unreported (Foreign and Commonwealth mail service, 2009).One particular reason why the studyity of people protest with the act of forced marriage is because it is recognized as an hollo of human pay offs and also a form of domestic violence. The victims of forced marriages, who be often young women, may experience abduction, imprisonment, sexual abuse, physical and mental abuse and some eras even murder. Forced marriages are not supported by any of the major religions within the United Kingdom. Whilst opinions on the nature of marriage may differ between the different religions, they all agree that some level of consent is necessary. Families may put pressure on a victim, or even use emotional squeeze, to make the victim believe that if they do not agree t o the forced marriage then they are going against their religion, this is untrue.It is important to make clear that forced marriages are different than arranged marriages. Although arranged marriage involves parents choosing a coadjutor they deem suit adequate for their child, the marriage is only organised by parents or family members once both of the marrying parties have consented. Arranged marriage is a tradition that has worked effectively within many communities for a very long time. However, forced marriages may sometimes be mistaken for arranged marriage as one or both of the parties may feel as though they have no choice exclusively to consent due to the pressure put onto them from their family.Emotional blackmail is very common within the lead up to a forced marriage and families may tell the victim that they will bring shame to the family if they do not go ahead with the arrangements. The victims family may threaten to disown and reject the victim and leave them homele ss if they go against their familys wishes. If a victim decides not to go ahead with the forced marriage they may be taken prisoner in their own home and those who are still in school may be taken out and miss vital education as their family fears they may tell somebody who merchantman help them to escape the situation and meld away from the marriage.Forced marriage may be a parents way of sustaining a cultural tradition. Culture and tradition are important aspects in peoples lives, as they are a strong foundation of ones faith and beliefs. Some cultures believe their family send packing only be respected if their children marry within certain families. Arrangements are made for their child to marry the person of the parents or elders choice and the child has no say. Parents may find themselves under pressure from extended family to marry off their children and in some cases the decision of who their child will marry is made in infancy. Much of the time a victim of a forced marri age will never have met or even spoken to their husband before they are married.In some cultures, marriage is considered a fusion of two families, not merely the joining of two individuals, that is why bloodlines and reputations matter. Love is pass judgment to come after the marriage in the case of a forced marriage, and it is believed by some that the mystery of ones partner keeps the relationship interesting and long lasting. In a forced marriage, the pressure from the society in which the couple live and from the two families involved often keeps the marriage together whether or not it is a successful union. Divorce is very often not an option when there is so much pressure for a person to stay in a marriage (Sabreen, 2005).Violence is often used against the victim of a forced marriage and in the very worst cases victims are murdered in what are sometimes referred to as honour killings. Honour killings are murders by families of those who are believed to have brought shame upon the family name. This shame could be down to a person refusing to enter into a forced marriage or having a relationship with somebody that the family do not approve of.A recent example of an honour crime committed in the United Kingdom was the murder of Banaz Mahmod who was just twenty historic period old at the time of her murder. Her body was discovered inside of a suitcase buried in a Birmingham garden in April 2006. Banaz was one of cardinal daughters from a strict Kurdish family and after entering into an arranged marriage at the age of sixteen, she was expected to fulfil the role of doting wife and mother. age nineteen, Banaz fell in love with another man and it is this that led her father, uncle and other family friends to kill her. These were the people she should have been able to turn to and trust in times of need. Banazs crime was dishonouring her father by leaving her unhappy marriage and falling in love with another man from a different Kurdish clan. The law had al ready been warned by Banaz that her life was in danger on four separate occasions before she vanished, and she had included in a letter, the names of some of those involved in her death (BBC News, 2007).It is often believed in the UK that marriages made from love offer more independence and freedom when compared to forced marriages. Those involved in a forced marriage experience pressure to meet the expectations of their parents. One of the main arguments against a forced marriage is how can a person be expected to marry somebody that they do not know. Two people knowing each other before marriage allows partners to have respect and an understanding for each others needs and wants. In a traditional British marriage, those getting wed are the primary decision makers and parents and other family members are there merely to support the couple. It is down to the people getting married whether the marriage will be successful or not. Parents and other family members opinions may still be important but it is the individuals getting married that are the ones who should be taken into consideration.Forced marriages are extremely likely to have severe psychological, emotional, medical, legal and financial consequences. Victims are often isolated from friends and peers and rarely have access to the services that could assist them this makes it increasingly difficult to escape the marriage. Forced marriages may become violent as the relationship is often based on the power of one spouse. Rape occurs frequently within forced marriage and apart from the obvious psychological problems this causes it also may have other severe consequences including the transition of Sexually Transmitted Diseases, as the victim, especially if young, may enter into a marriage with someone of sexual experience.As forced marriages often take place when the victim is still very young, they could be deprived from their right to education and the possibility of economic independence from their spous e is extremely limited, again making it difficult for them to escape their situation. It is increasingly common for an immigrants family to send a victim back to their country of origin to marry or to force a victim to marry a spouse sent from the country of origin. In some cases, victims of forced marriages may also be considered trafficking victims. callable to the unofficial nature of many forced marriages, often a victim is left with no legal protection in the case of a separation. Many families circumvent the law by entering into traditional Muslim marriages, which are not registered or recognised by the state. In the event of a separation, the couples assets would not be divided equally as would be the case if you were to become divorced under UK law. The victim may be left homeless and with no possessions, especially if the victim is a female.Law on marriage in England and Wales is governed by The Marriage Act 1949 and the Matrimonial Causes Act 1973. The minimum age a perso n in the UK can consent to marriage is 16, although a person under 18 also needs their parents to consent to the marriage. Those marriages that take place abroad in accordance with the correct formalities required by that countrys laws are usually recognised within England and Wales, providing both people involved have the capacity to marry. The Matrimonial Causes Act 1973 says that a marriage is deemed invalid if either of the couple did not consent to it, whether it is the consequence of pressure, unsoundness of mind, a mistake or otherwise.Unfortunately, victims of forced marriages are rarely aware of these provisions or are too afraid to use them. As forced marriages often happen when the victim is young, they can lack the confidence to challenge their situation.(Home component part Communications Directorate, 2000)No marriage shall be legally entered into without the full and free consent of both parties, such consent to be expressed by them in person after due publicity and i n the presence of the authority competent to solemnize the marriage and of witnesses, as prescribed by law.(Office of the High Commissioner for Human Rights, 2007)Every individual in the United Kingdom has the right to choose the person that they marry. Whatever religion you follow, age and sexuality you are and whether or not your family approve of your choice, you have this fundamental right. Although at present there is no legislation in the United Kingdom clearly banning forced marriage, and it is not recognised as a specific criminal offense, there are several actions that may happen in the process of forcing someone to marry that are criminal offences, these include assault, abduction, rape and imprisonment to name just a few. A person who commits one of these crimes, careless(predicate) of whether they are a relative is likely to be prosecuted.In 2004, the Government extended its definition of domestic violence to include acts committed by suggest partners as well as family members. As a consequence of this, forced marriage and other honour crimes, are now considered as a form of domestic violence.An Act of Parliament called The Forced Marriage (Civil Protection) Act 2007, entrustd courts with the power to make Forced Marriage Protection Orders which are put into place to point a person forcing another into marriage. British law also allows the courts to protect those victims who have already been forced into marriage and help them to escape their situation (forcedmarriage.net, 2009).A marriage in the UK requires the consent of both parties involved, if this is not given, the marriage is invalid. Although most forced marriages take place outside the jurisdiction of the UK, if a marriage does take place abroad and one part wishes to end it, divorce is legal. Alternatively, a couple can stay married but live apart with no legal sanction against them. There are only a few countries that have criminalized forced marriage itself, for example Croatia expr essly penalizes forced marriage, including criminal acts order against sexual freedom and sexual morality. Criminalization is not universally accepted as being the best way to eradicate forced marriage and the United Kingdom decided against making it a criminal offence due to concerns that victims would not wish for their families to be punished (Office of the High Commissioner for Human Rights, 2007).Forced marriages are widespread but many local efforts to prevent these marriages have been successful. Crisis lines, womens shelters, schools, groups and even monetary incentives have all been effective in postponing marriages for girls and helping to stop forced marriages (Office of the High Commissioner for Human Rights, 2007).There are a number of organisations that have been set up in the UK to help and support victims of forced marriage. Southall Black Sisters was created to provide information and support to women and children experiencing domestic violence, including forced ma rriage and honour crimes. The aim of their service is to help people to escape violence and abuse and help them to deal with a range of problems such as rape, suspicious deaths and matrimonial issues. Their work consists of making recommendations to the Home Office, Social helpings, Police, Schools, Health Authorities and the Foreign and Consular Service on how to deal with those who face the possibility of forced marriage and the problems contact it.The Southall Black Sisters have concerns that there is reluctance from the statuary agencies to intervene in cases of forced marriage as it is viewed by some as a cultural practice and they do not want to appear racist by interfere in such cases. They campaign for widespread acceptance that it is not racist to intervene and that it is the human right of all women no matter what their religion or culture to be afforded state protection against any kind of violence (Southall Black Sisters, nd).ConclusionIn the United Kingdom we ban all sorts of cultural practices, for example, Female Genital Mutilation. When the harm caused to an individual is so huge, the rights of a group must be sacrificed and it is important for the law to step in and intervene. The rights of an individual should not be put behind those of a particular culture. Some may argue that banning forced marriage would victimise and disassociate groups of people with wider culture but how much more victimised can a person be than being forced into a marriage against their will?It is important that the regimen are sensitive to cultural differences but the softly, softly approach taken towards communities where the practice of forced marriage takes place has already led to thousands of people being kept under house arrest, many being physically abused and there have been some cases of honour killings within this country. Banaz Mahmod had sought help from the guard four times before she met her death and unfortunately the only time the police responded was when her lifeless body was found. Perhaps if there was more awareness and stronger laws surrounding the issue of forced marriage, Miss Mahmod could have married the man who she had loved and would still be living today.It can be understandably difficult to ascertain forced marriages as physical and mental coercion is not usually involved with the wedding itself and even if evidence of physical or mental abuse is found, it is hard to link this with any alleged forced marriage as the victims are often scared to of the consequences of talking to authorities, however, If forced marriages were banned, police investigators would be able to look at DNA samples and conduct interviews with those involved in the wedding and could put together a case to prove that a marriage was not made in true consent of one or both of the spouses. The arrest of suspected initiators of forced marriage would also give the victim time to flee to safety and plan their future.Although legislation is in pla ce against the crimes that often come hand in hand with forced marriage, a ban would also send out a clear message to society that forced marriage is not a custom that is tolerated in the United Kingdom. It would also order those that are being forced into marriages that the UK law is on their side, which may well increase the number of people that come forward to the authorities as they may feel less isolated.Marriage should not be something performed to satisfy cultural traditions instead, it should be looked upon as a sacred union of two individuals engaged in a relationship built on love and maturity. A persons future cannot be dictated by cultural traditions and ideas, the success of a marriage can only be shaped by human judgement and maturity. Therefore traditions and other concerns are unacceptable reasons for an individual to be forced into marriage.ReferencesA womans right to choose a spouse and enter freely into marriage is central to her life and her dignity and equalit y as a human beingNorfolk, A. (2006). hopelessness as forced stay legal. Retrieved November 24, 2006 Smith, J. (2006). Forced Marriage. Retrieved March 4th, 2010Marriage should be entered into only with the free will and full consent of the intending spouses (Universal declaration of human rights, expression 16)http//www.forcedmarriage.net/media/images/FMU-FM-Guidance-SocialWorkers_73.pdfhttp//www.fco.gov.uk/resources/en/pdf/2855621/what-is-forced-marriagehttp//www.youtube.com/watch?v=AoGwwlFw20shttp//www.mcb.org.uk/uploads/wrongnotright.pdfhttp//www.bbc.co.uk/insideout/eastmidlands/series6/forced_marriages.shtmlhttp//www.fco.gov.uk/en/travel-and-living-abroad/when-things-go-wrong/forced-marriagehttp//www.dcsf.gov.uk/everychildmatters/safeguardingandsocialcare/safeguardingchildren/forcedmarriage/forcedmarriage/http//www.forcedmarriage.net/http//www.dailymail.co.uk/news/article-461378/The-tragic-story-Banaz-Mahmodfell-love-19-family-killed-her.htmlhttp//news.bbc.co.uk/1/hi/england/ london/6766207.stmhttp//www.southallblacksisters.org.uk/songs.htmlBouvier J, (nd),available at http//legal-dictionary.thefreedictionary.com/marriage accessed on 5th March 2010Home Office Dictorate (2000), available at http//www.fco.gov.uk/resources/en/pdf/pdf14/fco_choicebyright2000 accessed on 2nd March 2010.(Article One Convention on Consent to Marriage, Minimum Age for Marriage and Registration of Marriages. Office of the High Commissioner for Human Rights, available at http//www.stopvaw.org/Forced_and_Early_Marriage.html 2007(forced and early marriage (2007)

The effect of exercise on blood pressure

The effect of play on communication channel public pressIntroductionThe Cardiopulmonary System is the ashes in the embody that is responsible for collecting and distributing group O to all part of the body for use in cellular respiration and is also for removing the waste carbon dioxide that the body produces subsequently burning the oxygen. This system is comprised of the respiratory and circulatory systems which include the heart, lungs, veins, arteries, and capillaries. The respiratory system is what collects the oxygen from the outside environment and expels CO2 with breathing. When psyche breaths they inhale oxygen into their lungs and exhale CO2 out of their lungs. The circulatory system is the organ system that transports the bodys air throughout itself. The strain carries important materials like oxygen and carbon dioxide to each inch of the body. The heart is a muscle about the size of a clenched fist and weighs approximately 10.5 ounces (Science Clarified 2010) . It is the control center of the circulatory system and scats the race to the lungs and the other parts of the body through contracting and relaxing itself in a rhythm that keeps blood constantly traveling in the body.The vogue the cardiopulmonary system works is the heart is always pumping blood through its 4 chambers ( even off and left atrium and ventricles) and out through arteries out to the body. The right atrium and right ventricle pumps CO2 rich and O2 poor blood to the lungs, where thinner blood vessels called capillaries absorb oxygen from the lungs and releases its CO2 into the lungs. The oxygen rich blood returns to the heart through veins into the left atrium and then the left ventricle. The oxygen rich blood is then pumped out into more arteries that take the blood to other organs and parts of the body. The oxygen is released into the cells through thin capillaries again, and then return as oxygen poor and carbon dioxide rich blood returns to the heart.The function s of the cardiopulmonary system can be measured by taking a humans heart rate and blood rack. The heart rate or pulse is how many times a humans heart beats per minute. The heartbeat can be measured only through arteries, because when the heart contracts, the mightinessd blood causes embrace that can be felt in the arteries, known as arterial thrust. Veins traveling back to the heart have much thinner walls and therefore dont have enough pinch from the heart pumping to be used to measure pulse. The pressure within veins is walk outed by conditions outside the vessels themselves, such as contraction of surrounding skeletal muscles (Weedman and Sokoloski 2009). source pressure is taken by measuring a persons diastolic pressure and systolic pressure. The diastole is the period of the hearts pumping cycle when the atria and ventricles fill and the heart relaxes. The systole is when the heart contracts and forces the blood out of the heart. The total elapsed time for a complete cy cle of both the atria and the ventricles is 0.8 second (Fredrick and Pauline 1987).In this lab, the question for the experiment was how exercises will affect your blood pressure and pulse. The hypothesis tested was walking up or mint four flights of stairs will increase blood pressure and pulse, distant the null hypothesis that blood pressure and pulse after walking up or bolt overpower the stairs will not be affected. We hypothesized that blood pressure and pulse will increase because walking up or cut out stairs requires more energy than a body at rest. This exercise requires the heart pump blood faster in order to supply more oxygen to the body to provide the energy to walk up and down the stairs. The importance and relevance of this experiment is that someone who is unhealthy and prone to a heart assault may be at risk of suffering an attack while walking up flights of stairs if it raises blood pressure and heart rate.Methods and MaterialsThe experiment was done in a buil ding with four flights of stairs, with 24 participants from our layer separated into groups of two. The two accomplices had a sphygmomanometer that measured blood pressure and pulse, and a pencil and paper to record pulse and blood pressure. The heart rate and blood pressure was tested for walking up and down the stairs by making partner one walk up four flights as partner two waited at the surpass of the stairs. When partner one reached the top, partner two was there too measure partner ones heart rate and blood pressure using the sphygmomanometer. The inflatable cuff on the device was attached to the partners upper arm and inflated. The cuff was then deflated as the sphygmomanometer analyzed the blood pressure and pulse from the partners artery running down their arm. Partner two measured the blood pressure and pulse once after partner one reached the top of the stairs, then again after two proceeding passed, and after four minutes passed. The same process was taken for the oth er partner walking down the stairs. The independent variable was the subject either walking up or down the stairs. The dependent variable was each partners heart rate and blood pressure. after(prenominal) the experiment, we gathered the selective information from everyone in the class and averaged their results and compiled the data into tables and graphs for interpretation.ResultsThe results from the participants of the experiment were that on average, after each partner did their exercise, their blood pressure and heart rate increased. compare walking up the flights of stairs to walking down however, our results showed that walking up stairs increased blood pressure and pulse more than walking down the stairs. Our classs averages are compiled in the data table below. The data from the table is also displayed on graphs to show the trend of blood pressure and pulse. T-tests were done on the data from the basal reading to 0 minutes after walking up or down the stairs and from 0 min utes after to 4 minutes after walking up or down the stairs. The t-tests show the probability that the results from walking up or down starts are based on chance, or if there is significance to the results. If the P value of each t-test is greater than .05 then the results are based on chance and are insignificant.Data Table impetus (bpm)DownUpBasal71.567.70 min post72.688.62 min post73.667.24 min post73.970.3Systolic BP (mm Hg)Basal113.3119.30 min post1211412 min post1191224 min post112123Diastolic Bp (mm Hg)Basal71.3710 min post76912 min post77814 min post7878T-TestsT-TestT-Test DownT-Test UpPulse putBasal- 0 Min.0.6467742590.0217629170 Min. 4 Min.0.6287284280.032305937Systolic Blood PressureBasal- 0 Min.0.042460260.0024691840 Min. 4 Min.0.0176518270.000671518Diastolic Blood PressureBasal- 0 Min.0.0740345790.0007391250 Min. 4 Min.0.5676431620.001016322GraphsAccording to the averages in blood pressure and pulse, the graph and data tables show that walking up stairs increases th e blood pressure and pulse more than walking down the stairs. The T-test for each measurement says that in the majority of the dataDiscussionBefore the experiment, I hypothesized that when someone walks up or down the stairs, it would increase the persons blood pressure and pulse. The experiment results instead only supported the hypothesis that walking up the stairs increases blood pressure and pulse, but the data and t-tests showed for walking down stairs showed that it wasnt a significant increase. My hypothesis wasnt fully correct and a more appropriate hypothesis would have been that walking up the four flights of stairs would increase blood pressure and pulse more than walking down the same amount of stairs. This is because while walking upstairs the body has to work against the force of gravity which is more energy consuming than walking down stairs. This explains our results that after walking up the stairs, the subject tested had a higher blood pressure (141/91) and pulse ( 89) than the subject who walked down the stairs (BP 121/76 Pulse 72). The heart had to pump faster and with more force going up the stairs to move oxygen faster to the parts of the body and thus raised the bodys blood pressure and pulse. Some errors that manipulated the results were the two being tested had different features like height, weight, shape, and health. These differences would current of air to different results because someone that is in better physical condition would not have as high a blood pressure and pulse than someone who isnt as fit. This is because their heart is stronger and doesnt need to work as hard to supply the body with the right amount of oxygen. The entire class also had a regorge of body types all in different physical shape that also could have affected results. Also the partner who walked down the stairs did not ride measured on time for the 2 minute and 4 minute measurements and the sphygmomanometer didnt always properly read the subjects blood pressure and pulse properly.If this experiment was to be repeated it would be better if only one person walked up and down the stairs, and that there was a control measurement of the persons pulse and blood pressure before they walk up the stairs and are at rest.Cited LiteratureCornett D. Frederick, Gratz Pauline. 1987. Modern Human Physiology. United States Holt, Rinehart and Winston, Publishers. p 337.Science Clarified, Circulatory System, http//www.scienceclarified.com/Ci-Co/Circulatory-System.html, Sept. 7, 2010.Weedman, Sokoloski. 2009, Biology of Organisms A Laboratory Manual for LIFE 103. Mason OH Cengage Learning. p 176.

Lennie And George :: essays research papers

Lennie and George In what ways atomic number 18 they mates? Is this a true friendship, as you understand friendship?George and Lennie are in every instance mates. I suppose that some opposition comes from the book where George often says that Lennie is a nuisance, and he got stuck with him because of an auntie of Lennies. In the unused you get an idea that this is an act, and he cares for Lennie because Lennie says, "Cause you got me, George and I got you" and George agrees.George is a reasonably intelligent, roughworking ranchman. Lennie on the other hand always manages to find trouble. He is equally as hardworking and honest as George but his simple childlike mind always finds him trouble wherever he goes. However they have one affair that unites the two of them as close as any bond can. This is that they both share the same dream of owning their own ranch - and after many hard working years, moving from ranch to ranch, living in complete poverty and working for next t o nothing they finally try to achieve this life colossal dream. To maintain a companion you must(prenominal) have things in common, you must be able to disagree with a sort of respectful understanding, and finally you must care legitimately about that person. Lennie and Georges friendship meet and implement all the needed requirements for being friends. They are a textbook example of loyal friends. They, together, are like two old people living their life in companionship. Lennie gives George someone to talk to and someone to keep him on track. George gives Lennie insight on the arena and someone that will respect him even though he isnt intelligent. They, more importantly, give each other something to live for. If Lennie didnt meet George he would of died soon after his aunt did, because he would either have got himself in a bind with no one to help him or he would of simply wondered off and died of loneliness.Although, no matter how much he tries, George cannot make up for the huge gap in Lennies mind. Lennie is so childish it is hard to believe, for example when he sees things he wants to view and touch them. Throughout the book, the stress of Lennies retardation begins to weigh down on George. Because of Lennie, they are nomads. Wherever they go, Lennie gets them in trouble.

Music Today: Entertainment or Influence to Murder? Essay -- essays res

Music Today Entertainment or Influence to Murder?Teen violence, murder, suicide they seem to be sightly more and more rampant everyday. The media, as well as concerned, angry parents, look everywhere to find someone to whack for these tragedies. Their fingers are pointed in the kick of many music entertainers. Artists and performers are being badgered everyday for their lyrics and image they create for their fans. Can music really influence someone to acts of violence? Maybe, to the mentally coseismal or uneducated. Is music at fault for these acts of violence? Absolutely not. It cannot be blamed for the crimes of obvious psychotic adolescents. The music business, mainly death metal, has been said to be at fault for major tragedies, for example the Columbine High School Shootings. In fact, one media spokesperson even related the two killers to Marilyn Manson because they were apparently dress like him. This constant distraction of pointing the blame on someone else just strays our focus on the real causes. Music can directly express the personality of many individuals. The way the dress, the way they talk. all overall it expresses the way a person feels. However, can music be blamed for the actions some of its listeners my take?Over the past ten years or so, music has been the scapegoat to many murders, acts of violence, and sexual abuse for many years now. Many cases have now capable with the introduction of Death Metal to music world. Since many murders are now rampant within young children and teenagers, there must be someone to blame for them. One example is in 1995 the Death Metal band Slayer was blamed for encouraging Royce Casery, Joseph Fiorella, and Jacob Delashmutt to torture and kill Elyse Pahler, 15-years-old. The parents of Pahler blame the disgusting lyrics of Slayer to the crime. The ternary boys, all fans of Slayer and bands of their stature, were all found guilty and are still serving cadence in jail. The Pahlers tried suing both the band, and the record companies for devising these albums available to young teens. However, the courts threw out all the accusations against Slayer and the record companies, with right cause. The music didnt kill their daughter, the three boys did and are now serving their time (Horn, 1). Another case noted, 17-year-old Jay Fieldon Howell was arrested for stabbing a girl in the neck. The girl survived, but ... ...r what he does with it? Or if hes a teenager, should someone else be blamed because he isnt as enlightened as an eighteen-year-old (Manson, 4)?There should be no praise for death in this world, whether it be in struggle or just cold blooded murder.So is entertainment to blame for all these acts of violence, murder, and sexual abuse? The media commentators should ask themselves this question because their coverage of these events were some of the well-nigh gruesome entertainment any of us have ever seen.Works CitedHorn, John. "Heavy Metal Music to Murder By?" Ne wsweek 4 Nov. 2000 pp. 46. Manson, Marilyn. "Columbine Whose shift Is It?" Rolling Stone 28 May 1999 pp. 1-5. Miller, Alec. "Rockin in the Free World?" The Washington Post 3 Feb. 2001 pp. A20. Morgan, Fiona. Mothers Who Think. 17 Jan. 2001 www.salon.com/mwt/hot/1998/12/15hot.html. Temple, Johnny. "Noise From the Underground." The people 18 Oct. 1999 pp. 17-18, 20. Waxman, Sharon. "Did Death Metal Music Incite Murder? Lawsuit Against Band, Distributors Could Overcome First Amendment Hurdle." The Washington Post 23 Jan. 2001 pp. E1.(Sources from www.elibrary.com)